by Erik Rumbaugh | Sep 26, 2025 | Biofilms, Biomass Optimization
In wastewater treatment, invisible forces shape the performance of entire systems. One of the most powerful—and often overlooked—players in this microbial drama is the polyvalent cation. These positively charged ions, like calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and iron...
by Erik Rumbaugh | Aug 19, 2025 | Biofilms
Pseudomonas bacteria are proving to be formidable opponents in industrial cooling towers, rapidly developing resistance to glutaraldehyde biocides that were once highly effective. Here’s what’s happening: The Challenge: Pseudomonas species possess...
